The museum consists of the following departments:
- Directorate of the State Hermitage Museum
- Executive Office of the Directorate
- Department of Classical Antiquity
- Department of Archaeology of Eastern Europe and Siberia
- Oriental Department
- Department of Western European Fine Art
- Department of Western European Applied Arts
- Department of History of Russian Culture
- Numismatics Department
- Arsenal Department
- The Imperial Porcelain Factory Museum
- Department of Modern Art
- The Menshikov Palace
- The General Staff Building
- Department of History and Restoration of Architectural Monuments
- Architectural Archaeology Division
- Research Library
- Department of Manuscripts and Documents
- Department for Scientific and Educational Work
- School Centre, Research and Instructional Methodology Department
- Department for Exhibition and Design Work
- Editorial and Publishing Department
- Division of Electronic Publications
- Department for Processing of Research Documents
- Department for Organizing Registration and Storage at the Staraya Derevnya Restoration and Storage Centre
- Division of New Acquisitions
- Division for Processing Documents Related to Exhibitions
- The Treasure Gallery
- Department of Scientific Restoration and Conservation
- Department for Scientific and Technical Examination of Monuments
- Laboratory for Biological Control
- Laboratory for Climate Control
- HR Service
- Administration Department
- Legal Service
- Department for Theatrical and Educational Activities
- Communications Department
- Department for Servicing Visitors in the Entrance Area
- Division for Organizing Information Infrastructure and Equipment of Recreation Areas
- Development Service
- Department of Tourism and Special Programmes
- Project Funding Division
- Division for Cooperation with the Friends of the Hermitage
- Historical and Informational Service
- Department of Information Projects (press office)
- Department of Intermuseum Communications
- Division for Coordination of Volunteers
- Museum Navigation Division
- Social Research Division
- Rights and Reproduction Division
- Staraya Derevnya Restoration and Storage Centre
- Planning and Finance Department
- Accounting Department
- Public Procurement Department
- Social Development Department
- Department of Occupational Health, Safety and Environment
- Department for Maintenance of the General Staff Building
- Department for Maintenance of the Menshikov Palace
- Department headed by the Chief Engineer
- Department headed by the Chief Power Engineer
- Department of Capital Construction
- Department of Restoration and Repairs
- Department of Electronics, Alarm Systems and Communication
- Department for Maintenance of Staraya Derevnya Restoration and Storage Centre
- Computers Division
- Department for Mechanical Maintenance of Buildings and Exhibitions
- Security Service (Museum Security Service)
- Operational Department of the Security Service (ODSS)
- Department of Museum Custodians
- Motor Transport Department
- Division for Civil Defence and Emergencies
